Understanding ARFID

What is ARFID?

ARFID, or Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, is a relatively new diagnosis in the realm of eating disorders and the DSM-5. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID doesn't involve concerns about body image. Instead, it involves a significant limitation in the variety or volume of food intake, often leading to nutritional deficiencies and other health concerns.

Children with ARFID often experience extreme selecetivity with eating, which can be challenging for both the child and their caregivers. Understanding ARFID is crucial for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals to provide the necessary support and interventions.

Signs and Symptoms

Recognising ARFID can be difficult, as it shares some similarities with other feeding disorders such as Paediatric Feeding Disorder ( PFD). However, the key difference lies in the severity and impact on the child’s health and daily life. Some common signs include:

• Avoidance of certain textures, colours, or smells of food
• Limited variety of accepted foods
• Low or limited apetite
• High anxiety based behaviours in response to new food exposure ie gagging, vomitting, running away
• Significant weight loss or failure to gain weight
• Nutritional deficiency

Potential Triggers

ARFID can be triggered by various factors, including sensory sensitivities, fear of choking or vomiting, or a traumatic experience related to eating. It’s important to note that ARFID is a complex disorder that requires a nuanced understanding of each child's unique triggers and experiences.

Approaches to Therapy

Therapy for ARFID typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, engaging professionals such as dietitians, speech pathologists, psychologists and peadiatricians. 

Role of Family and Caregivers

The involvement of family members is crucial in managing ARFID. Parents and caregivers can offer consistent support and provide predictable and safe food experiences as well as simple accomodations so that their child may engage and be included in mealtimes without pressure. Creating  positive food experiences can foster increased curiosity around food.

Nutritional Considerations

Ensuring that children with ARFID receive adequate nutrition is a central concern. Working with a registered dietitian can help in creating a balanced meal plan that meets the child's nutritional needs while respecting their food preferences.

Supplements may be recommended in some cases to address specific nutrient deficiencies.